The predecessor study group of Pediatric Nephrology in Japan was established in 1967. In 1982, the official name of the group was changed to the current name, the Japanese Society of Pediatric Nephrology (JSPN).

Since the early days of its establishment, the JSPN has maintained strong ties with relevant international societies. For example, the JSPN hosted the 7th International Pediatric Nephrology Association (IPNA) in Tokyo in 1986.
Publication of its biannual official journal in Japanese commenced in 1988.

The JSPN is among the most active affiliate societies of the Japan Pediatric Society.
The current number of full members of the JSPN is greater than 1000, consisting of a variety of experts including general pediatricians, pediatric nephrologists, urologists, transplant surgeons, geneticists, pathologists, and basic scientists from all regions of Japan. The members are grouped into seven local chapters (Hokkaido, Tohoku, Kanto, Cyu-bu, Kinki, Chugoku-Shikoku, and Kyushu), each of which holds its own annual meeting once a year.

The General Assembly of the JSPN is held once a year, usually in June or July. The average number of participants is usually approximately 600, with approximately 200 free papers, plenary lectures, and invited lectures. The subjects of these papers and lectures encompass nearly every aspect of clinical pediatric nephrology, as well as related basic sciences such as genetics, molecular biology, physiology, pathology, immunology, and pharmacology.